Structural health monitoring and damage detection is one of the most important subjects for mechanic and aerospace engineers. Structural fault can cause uncompensated problems for both human and environment. There are several methods for solving this problem, but the most useful methods are those which focuse on structural change in the vibrational properties. This paper presents a feasibility study on locating damage in circular cylindrical fiber-reinforced composite shells based on mode shape methods and the sensibility of different damage intensity. In view of the fact that damage detections based on shape mode which do not use unprepared data are less reliable, in comparison by other damage detection methods, and highly efficient method mentioned depended on accuracy of modal testing and data extraction. As a whole, this paper shows that among the methods which used damage oriented approach, the first hole with thickness of 4mm in the other stages are more able to detect damage detection.

Introduction: One of the solutions for flood management is flood zoning in different return periods, which can be an essential tool in determining development strategies and reducing flood damage. Calculating flood damage in existing uses provides useful information for various organizations such as insurance to be aware of the amount of damage in different uses in the event of a flood. Methods: The study area is located in Rudak basin. In this regard, first maps, required hydrological data and DEM of the study area were prepared. Then, according to the flow data, the maximum annual moments in Rudak hydrometric station were fitted with normal log distribution (as the best distribution) and the flow rate was obtained in four return periods. Then, a single hydrograph was obtained by SCS method for different return periods. Then, using the HEC-RAS2D model, the flood zone with the mentioned return period is obtained and finally, based on the global damage-depth functions, the amount of damage in the return period is based on different uses, including residential, commercial, agricultural, roads was calculated. Findings: By comparing the results of flood zoning and damage maps, which with increasing flood return period, the amount of damage and the area of ​​high-risk zone increases. The amount of flood zone in the return periods of 5, 25, 50 and 100 years is equal to 17. 9, 18. 9, 19. 4, 19. 9 hectares, respectively. Most of the damage is related to agricultural lands and then lands with commercial use. The rate of increase in damage to the area between floods 5 and 25 return period is about 47%, between floods 25 and 50 return period is about 6%, and between floods 50 and 100 years is about 15%. Therefore, a 50-year flood can be proposed to determine the flood protection plans of the region.

In recent decades many researchers have studied on the damage assessment of structures after a seismic event. To assess the damage of structures under an earthquake, it is so important to study the correlations between earthquake parameters and damages of the structures. A lot of seismic parameters have been defined by researchers to characterize an earthquake. Spectral parameters of an earthquake convey a variety of information about ground motion, so they can properly characterize an earthquake. Also a lot of damage indices were proposed by researchers to quantify the damage of the structures or to rank their vulnerability relative to each other. Park-Ang index is one of the best indices to describe the damage of a structure. In this paper, the correlations between spectral parameters of earthquakes and Park-Ang indices are studied. Three RC frames with different height are analyzed under far-fault earthquake records by nonlinear dynamic analyses. The correlations between spectral parameters and Park-Ang indices of the frames are calculated. The results show that in all the frames most of spectral parameters have strong correlations with damage intensity. In order to estimate the damage potential of an earthquake, some spectral parameters which have high correlations with damage intensity can be proper indices. Housner intensity, acceleration spectrum intensity and velocity spectrum intensity are shown to have strong correlations with damage intensity. In this paper, a new spectral parameter which has high correlation with damage intensity is achieved.

Background: High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) is an increasingly popular exercise program that provides positive results with short sessions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of one session of HIIE on muscle damage and inflammation. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (Control, n = 8), HIIE, which were euthanized one hour after training (HIIE-1h, n = 8), and 24 hours after training (HIIE-24h, n = 9). HIIE group was subjected to a high-intensity interval exercise (VO2max 85-100%) that included ten exercise-recovery sets which was composed of 10 bouts of high intensity exercise of 1 min each (85-100% of VO2max), at 28 m/min, 10°,inclinations on the treadmill interspersed by 2 min of active recovery, at 10 m/min, with no inclination. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels and the skeletal muscle inflammation and damage were assessed. Analysis of variance at 95% confidence level was used to analyze the data. Findings: Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the HIIE-1h and HIIE-24h groups showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Also, the pathology results showed that the inflammation and rhabdomyolysis of muscle fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle in the HIIE-24h and HIIE-1h groups were significant compared to the control group. Conclusion: An HIIE session leads to inflammation and rhabdomyolysis in skeletal muscle. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels also showed a significant increase that could be associated with muscle damage and inflammation.